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The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) program is a scientific research program with the goal to explore the whole human proteome using an antibody-based approach. The program was started at the Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, in 2003 and funded by the non-profit organization Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW). The project has a gene-centric approach with the effort to map and characterize a representative protein for each protein-coding human gene (approximately 20,000 genes). Antibodies, both in-house produced and external (commercial and from collaborators), are validated in the HPA workflow and used for protein characterization. The data is released annually in a publicly available information database portal (The Human Protein Atlas ).〔Uhlen, M., Oksvold, P., Fagerberg, L., Lundberg, E., Jonasson, K., Forsberg, M., . . . Ponten, F. (2010). Towards a knowledge-based Human Protein Atlas. ''Nat Biotechnol'', 28(12), 1248-1250. doi: 10.1038/nbt1210-1248〕 In the 14th release of the database in October 2015, 17,005 (approx. 86% of human protein-coding genes) genes had been covered. The database includes protein expression profiles from 44 different normal and 20 different cancer tissues, 46 cell lines, subcellular localization and transcript expression levels. The database is searchable for a specific gene or protein. Functionalities added to the (The Human Protein Atlas ) in later versions allow for combined searches, e.g. to find all proteins expressed in a certain organ or tissue or proteins differentially expressed in a specific tumor type. ==History== The HPA program was started in 2003 and funded by the non-profit organization Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW). The main site of the project is the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), School of Biotechnology (Stockholm, Sweden). Professor Mathias Uhlén is the coordinator of the program. The research underpinning the start of the exploration of the whole human proteome in the Human Protein Atlas program was carried out in the late 1990s and early 2000s. A pilot study employing an affinity proteomics strategy using affinity-purified antibodies raised against recombinant human protein fragments was carried out for a chromosome-wide protein profiling of chromosome 21.〔Agaton, C., Galli, J., Hoiden Guthenberg, I., Janzon, L., Hansson, M., Asplund, A., . . . Uhlen, M. (2003). Affinity proteomics for systematic protein profiling of chromosome 21 gene products in human tissues. ''Mol Cell Proteomics'', 2(6), 405-414. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M300022-MCP200〕 Other projects were also carried out to establish processes for parallel and automated affinity purification of mono-specific antibodies and their validation.,〔Falk, R., Agaton, C., Kiesler, E., Jin, S., Wieslander, L., Visa, N., . . . Stahl, S. (2003). An improved dual-expression concept, generating high-quality antibodies for proteomics research. ''Biotechnol Appl Biochem'', 38(Pt 3), 231-239. doi: 10.1042/BA20030091〕〔Uhlen, M., Bjorling, E., Agaton, C., Szigyarto, C. A., Amini, B., Andersen, E., . . . Ponten, F. (2005). A human protein atlas for normal and cancer tissues based on antibody proteomics. ''Mol Cell Proteomics'', 4(12), 1920-1932. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M500279-MCP200〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Human Protein Atlas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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